The Effective Sentence Elements
The sentence element is a syntactic function which in the old Indonesian grammar books is commonly called the word position and is now called the role of the word in the sentence, namely subject (S), predicate (P), object (O), complement (Pel), and description ( Ket). The standard Indonesian sentence consists of at least two elements, namely subject and predicate. Other elements (objects, supplements, and information) in a sentence may be required to be present, not required to be present, or required not to be present.
Subject (S)
Subject (S) is a part of the sentence showing the actor, figure, figure (thing), something, a problem which is the base / topic of conversation. The subject is usually filled with types of words / noun phrases (nominal), clauses, or verbal phrases. For more details, see the example as follows:
My mother is painting.
Large director's chair.
The one wearing batik is my lecturer.
Walking makes you healthy.
Building overpasses is very expensive.
The words in bold in the sentence above are S. Examples of S filled with words and phrases of objects contained in sentences (a) and (b), examples of S filled in clauses are found in sentence (c), and examples of S which filled with verbal phrases contained in sentences (d) and (e).
In Indonesian, every word, phrase, clause forming S always refers to a thing (concrete or abstract). In the example above, even though the type of words that fill S in sentences (c), (d) and (e) are not nouns, their physical nature still refers to things. If we refer to the perpetrators in the sentences (c) and (d), those who dress in batik and walk, of course, people (things).
Likewise, building an overpass that becomes S in sentence (e), implicitly also refers to the "building result" which is nothing but a thing. In addition, if you dive deeper, there are actually nouns that are languid, at the beginning of sentences (c) to (e), ie people at the beginning of sentences (c) and activities at the beginning of sentences (d) and (e).
In addition to the features above, S can also be recognized by asking questions by asking who (who) ... or what (who) ... to P. If there is a logical answer to the question asked, that is S. If it turns out the answer does not exist and or illogical means that the sentence does not have an S. This is an example of a "sentence" that does not have an S because there is no / unclear actor or object.
School students are prohibited from entering.
Here it serves generic drugs.
Bathing sister in the morning.
Examples (a) to (c) do not qualify as sentences because they do not have S. If asked to P, who is prohibited from entering the sample (a) who serves the recipe in example (b) and who bathes the sister in the example (c ), there is no answer. Even if there is, the answer doesn't seem logical.